Influenza
Influenza (flu) is a viral infection of the respiratory tract. There are four types of influenza viruses: A, B, C and D. Influenza A and (to a lesser extent) B circulate with varying levels of intensity throughout the year, depending on the region and season; they also frequently undergo genetic changes, which allow them to escape immune responses developed through exposure or vaccination. This means that having a current influenza vaccine is paramount for travel to many destinations.
Influenza viruses are predominantly transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes near a susceptible person. Indirect transmission also occurs.
If you are travelling, it is strongly recommended that you receive your seasonal influenza vaccination before your departure, depending on the time of year and destination. Tropical regions have influenza circulating throughout the year. You may be more susceptible to becoming infected if you are travelling on a cruise ship, part of a large tourist group, or attending a mass gathering.
![]({"file":"88f8f9b5-8bbb-4793-abab-f4580ebf54a9.jpg","breakpoints":{"xs":{"width":480,"mode":"resize","quality":80},"md":{"width":720,"mode":"resize","quality":80},"xl":{"width":1920,"mode":"resize","quality":80}}} "Home Sick")
Symptoms
Infection is characterised by a rapid onset of high fever and exhaustion, followed by a cough and lower respiratory symptoms. Pneumonia may occur as a complication of influenza.
Prevention
Flu vaccines become available each year prior to the flu season. The composition of the vaccine is reviewed each year to best match the strains of virus likely to be circulating in the community.
In 2015, a quadrivalent (four-strain) flu vaccine became available. This contains extra coverage against influenza B.
As well as vaccination, you can increase your chances of avoiding influenza by washing your hands frequently, disinfecting frequently touched surfaces, and masking in high-risk situations.
Treatment
Rest and fluids are enough for most people to recover from influenza, along with paracetamol to help with any painful symptoms. In some cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed for severe infections but must be taken within 72 hours of the onset of symptoms. Antibiotics are not effective against influenza.
How long does the flu vaccine last?
Flu vaccine effectiveness wanes after six months, so it is important to boost immunity with a flu vaccination each year.
Ensure you have had an annual flu vaccination. Make your flu vaccine booking today.
Destinations
No destinations currently have an elevated risk of this disease.
Disclaimer: The following information is intended as a guide only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.
Health Alerts
Don't leave your health to chance.
Book with one of our travel medicine clinics today to get our advice and better protect your health on your next trip.
![Book with one of our travel medicine clinics today to get our advice and better protect your health on your next trip.]({"file":"cta-image-01.jpg","breakpoints":{"xs":{"width":480,"mode":"resize","quality":80},"md":{"width":720,"mode":"resize","quality":80},"xl":{"width":1920,"mode":"resize","quality":60}}} "Don't leave your health to chance.")