Worms

Even in developed countries, pinworms and whipworms are common, particularly among children. These worms do not cause symptoms other than mild itching around the anus and usually go unnoticed. In less developed countries, contaminated food may contain the larvae of roundworms. As adults, these can be seen in the stool. 

Hookworms can be obtained by eating larvae in food, but they can also invade unbroken skin, usually the foot. A form of hookworm can also migrate under the skin, causing pink or red curving tracks that may be raised and itchy. Hookworms can also cause systemic symptoms such as tiredness, abdominal pain, weight loss and anaemia if they migrate to the bowel.

Threadworm infestations are also caused by invasion via unbroken skin, normally the foot. They cause a disease called strongyloides, which may be completely asymptomatic. They can be a problem if the individual later becomes immunosuppressed due to medications or cancer treatment, causing a severe disease.

Safe eating and drinking practices are essential to minimising your risk of contracting worms. Always wear shoes in less developed countries when walking on the ground and on beaches.

If you feel you may have been exposed or have concerns that you may have a worm infection, see your doctor. Treatment of all worms is simple once the diagnosis is confirmed; your doctor can prescribe the right medication for you.